Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management remains challenging due to the high heterogeneity of clinical symptoms and the complex pathophysiological basis of the disease. Airflow ...

Traditionally, the clinical evaluation of respiratory diseases was pulmonary function testing, which can be used for the detection of severity and prognosis through pulmonary function parameters.

Common tests to diagnose pulmonary hypertension include chest X-rays to check for enlarged ventricles or lung issues, blood tests to assess oxygen levels and organ function, and a 6-minute walk test ...

Background Pulmonary function testing provides important insight regarding health; the vital capacity (VC) is so named because of its association with survival and longevity. Interpretation of ...