Industry 4.0 requires simple solutions for complex functions. Optical sensors, such as pinhole cameras, can deliver a depth of focus and reasonable resolution, but they suffer from low intensity for ...

Double-sided microlens arrays (DSMLAs) play a crucial role in improving the performance of optical devices, supporting applications from advanced imaging systems to laser beam homogenization. However, ...

As a structure composed of two-dimensional arrays of microscale lenses, micro-lens array (MLA) has attracted attentions of both the academia and industry, due to its distinctive optical properties and ...